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The bearing capacity of the foundation is called the bearing capacity of the foundation
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It is usually divided into two kinds of bearing capacity: 1) ultimate bearing capacity refers to the bearing capacity when the foundation is about to lose its stability
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2) Allowable bearing capacity (allowable bearing capacity) refers to the bearing capacity when the foundation stability has enough safety and the deformation is controlled within the allowable range of the building
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However, because the soil is a large deformation material, when the load increases, the foundation deformation increases correspondingly, so it is difficult to define a real “limit value” of the foundation bearing capacity
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Corresponding to different deformation control standards, different foundation bearing capacity can be obtained
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On the other hand, the use of buildings has a functional requirement, often the foundation bearing capacity has the potential to be excavated, and the deformation has reached or exceeded the limit of normal use
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Therefore, the foundation design is based on the principle of serviceability limit state, and the selected foundation bearing capacity is the allowable bearing capacity
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The term “characteristic value” is used to express the value of foundation bearing capacity and single pile bearing capacity used in the calculation of serviceability limit state
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Its meaning is the allowable resistance design value when the building performs its normal serviceability function, so as to avoid the confusion caused by the reference of “standard value” in the past
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The characteristic value of foundation bearing capacity can be determined by load test or other in-situ test, formula calculation and engineering practice
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It should be noted that the so-called characteristic value of foundation bearing capacity includes FAK and FA, which should be distinguished in foundation design
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